All Hawk-Eye systems are based on the principles of
triangulation using the visual images and timing data provided by a number of
high-speed video cameras located at different locations and angles around the
area of play. For tennis there are ten cameras. The system rapidly processes
the video feeds by a high-speed camera and ball tracker.
A data store contains
a predefined model of the playing area and includes data on the rules of the
game. In each frame sent from each camera, the system identifies the group of
pixels which corresponds to the image of the ball. It then calculates for each
frame the 3D position of the ball by comparing its position on at least two of
the physically separate cameras at the same instant in time.
A succession of frames builds up a record of the path along
which the ball has traveled. It also "predicts" the future flight
path of the ball and where it will interact with any of the playing area
features already programmed into the database. The system can also interpret
these interactions to decide infringements of the rules of the game. The system
generates a graphic image of the ball path and playing area, which means that
information can be provided to judges, television viewers or coaching staff in
near real time.
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